Modern architecture emerged at the end of the 19th century from revolutions in technology, engineering, and building materials, and from a desire to break away from historical architectural styles and to invent something that was purely functional and new. The Eiffel Tower being constructed (August 1887–89) 14 Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975).13.5 Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K.13.4 Richard Neutra and Charles and Ray Eames.13.1 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum.13 Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985).11 Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture.10 Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952).9 World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945).7 Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators.5.2 Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939).5.1 American Art Deco the skyscraper style (1919–1939).4.5 Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928).4.2 Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933).4 Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931).3 Early American modernism (1890s–1914).2 Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914).

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